5类白细胞的识别与分析在临床医学和生命科学研究中有着极其重要的应用意义。近年来数字相位显微技术在红细胞的显微观察方面得到了突破性的发展。而白细胞由于其光学相位体结构的特殊性，相位显微方法的应用存在着一定困难。分析了5类白细胞的光学特征，建立了光学模型，并应用虚拟仿真技术研究了其相位分布特征，通过相位分布特征与白细胞类别关系的分析，发现白细胞在相位成像过程中，相位分布特征不仅仅由干涉而成，而且与细胞核的散射相关，但是存在着一定的可确定性。

Identification and analysis of five different types of white blood cells (WBCs) have a very important application in many fields, such as clinical medicine and life science. In recent years, the digital phase microscopy techniques of red blood cells are remarkably expanded in their observing application. However, due to special optical phase structures of WBCs, the techniques of phase microscopy have difficulty in studying them. Based on this, the analysis of optical characteristics of five types of WBCs is done, and optical models of them are built in this paper. Distribution characteristics of WBCs under these phase models are obtained with numerical simulation techniques. It is found that phase distribution of WBCs is not only related to interference, but also to the scattering of nucleus by analyzing the relationship between phase distributions and classifications of them, but it has certainty to some extent.