光学 精密工程, 2012, 20 (7): 1427, 网络出版: 2012-08-09   

大尺寸空间异面直线夹角的检测

Measurement of large-scale space angle formed by non-uniplanar lines
作者单位
天津大学 精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津 300072
摘要
针对实际工程中相距数米至数十米的若干几何元素之间的空间夹角, 提出了大尺寸空间异面直线夹角激光检测系统的设计方案。首先, 根据常见待测直线元素不同的实体存在形式, 设计了相应的实体体现方法, 并建立了异面夹角测量所需的公共基准; 对于待测元素在公垂线方向距离很远的情况, 采用单束线结构激光作为公共基准。然后, 针对一个具体的工程实例, 给出了系统检测框架的设计思路。最后, 提出了公共基准与待测元素空间关系的获取方法。采用数字图像处理技术检测公共基准与各个待测元素构成的夹角并通过三角关系间接获得了待测元素异面夹角的检测结果。在30次系统测量中, 系统重复性精度达到±0.020 85°, 表明所提出的检测系统满足测量要求, 验证了测量原理的可行性。
Abstract
In order to measure the space angle of two non-uniplanar lines with a distance of several even tens of meters, the design proposal of a laser system for measuring the large-scale space angle formed by non-uniplanar lines was proposed. Firstly, in consideration of the existence forms of space angles formed by common targets, corresponding orientation methods were designed and a common reference in the space angle measurement was proposed. The single beam of linear structured light was used as the common reference when the distance of the targets was only large in the direction of common perpendicular. Then, the design process of a system framework applied in a specific project was analyzed. Finally, the inspection method of spatial relationship between the common reference and targets was proposed. With digital image processing, the angle between common reference and targets was measured, and the measurement result was acquired indirectly. In measurements for 30 times, the repeatability of the system is ±0.020 85°, which proves that the measurement system can satisfy the requirements of practical projects and the proposed principle is reasonable.

胡文川, 裘祖荣, 张国雄. 大尺寸空间异面直线夹角的检测[J]. 光学 精密工程, 2012, 20(7): 1427. HU Wen-chuan, QIU Zu-rong, ZHANG Guo-xiong. Measurement of large-scale space angle formed by non-uniplanar lines[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2012, 20(7): 1427.

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