概述了地基大口径望远镜的发展状况, 阐述了口径变大的意义及实现的关键技术途径。概括了当前大口径望远镜的应用价值。介绍了国外5种典型的大口径望远镜系统, 它们代表了当前地基大口径望远镜发展的最高技术水平。从跟踪架、主望远镜筒、主镜支撑及次镜支撑调整几个方面论述了大口径望远镜的结构特点及关键技术。最后, 总结了大口径望远镜系统的发展趋势, 指出其光学系统已从同轴系统向离轴系统发展并极具应用前景。

The developing status of large aperture ground-based telescopes is reviewed in this paper. The significance of bigger apertures for telescopes and their main technological approaches are expatiated and the summary on appliance values of modern large aperture telescopes is given. Then, it introduces five kinds of modern typical large telescope systems, which represent the topmost technological level. The key structures and technologies of large telescopes about mount, telescope tubes, primary mirror supports and secondary mirror assemblies are disscussed. Finally, it summarizes the developing trends of the large aperture ground-based telescopes and points out that some of the optical systems in the telescopes have been changed from coaxial systems to off-axial systems, while they are better application prospects.