研究了飞秒激光测距中空气色散对其脉冲宽度的影响，探讨了飞秒激光脉冲宽度随入射初始飞秒脉冲宽度、中心波长和激光传输距离等参数的变化关系。为保证飞秒激光测距精度，提出采用高密度透射式光栅的飞秒激光测距空气色散补偿方法，并详细分析了光栅周期、光栅对间距对不同中心波长的飞秒激光脉冲宽度压缩的影响。该方法具有体积小和操作方便等优点，对采用飞秒脉冲激光进行长距离高精度测量实验研究具有一定的指导意义。

Influence of air dispersion on the pulse width is studied in the distance measurement of femtosecond pulsed laser. The femtosecond pulsed width variations with input femtosecond pulsed width, central wavelength and the propagation distances are given in analysis. Compensation scheme of air dispersion based on high-density transmissive grating is put forward to maintain distance measurement accuracy. Then influence on compression of femtosecond pulsed laser width by grating period and distance is also given. The method has some advantages, such as compact volume and convenient operation. It will be helpful for high-accuracy long distance measurement by using femtosecond laser.