建立了圆柱旋转激光散斑功率谱的理论模型以实现粗糙目标光学无损测量的方法。首先, 根据粗糙面激光散射特征, 研究了平行光束照射匀速旋转的圆柱表面时其反射空间形成的动态散斑特性, 给出了接收场散斑强度起伏互相关函数及其功率谱密度函数的理论模型, 以及动态散斑场的相干长度和接收信号带宽。接着, 分析了旋转引起的散斑平移和散斑沸腾对接收信号带宽的影响。最后, 测量了旋转圆柱准镜向及漫射部分的散斑图像。结果显示：当0.633 μm入射光波照射半径为1 mm的圆柱时, 频率为10 Hz的旋转圆柱自相关函数的相关时间约为4 ms, 而20 Hz的旋转圆柱自相关函数对应的相关时间为2 ms左右。结果表明, 在动态散斑场中, 多普勒效应和散斑平移效应引起的带宽约为同一个量级, 而散斑沸腾效应可以忽略。

A mathematical model for the power spectrum density function of dynamic speckles was established to complete the nondestructive measurement of a diffuse target. First, the dynamic speckle characteristics formed by the reflection space of a rotating cylinder at an immobile angular velocity were discussed when it was fully illuminated by a collimated light beam. The theoretical model on the cross-correlation function and the power spectrum density function of dynamic speckle intensity fluctuation was given and the coherent length and receiving signal bandwidth of the dynamic speckle field were described. Then, the impacts of speckle translation and speckle boiling caused by rotation cylinder on the received signal bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the near-specula of the cylinder and the diffuse speckle patterns were measured. Obtained results indicate that when the wavelength of 0.633 μm is shone on the cylinder with a diameter of 1 mm, the correlation time of autocorrelation function is 4 ms for a 10 Hz rotating cylinder and 2.0 ms for a 20 Hz rotating cylinder. In conclusion, the Doppler effects and speckle translation effects in the speckle dynamic field can produce the bandwidth with the same order of magnitude, and the speckle boiling effect can be negligible.