实现波导与光纤的耦合是各种集成光学器件从实验室走向实用的关键，耦合效率的高低直接影响到各种集成光学器件的性能，也是光纤通信和集成光学等领域必须解决的问题。其中，在光纤和波导是理想准直的条件下，模场失配损耗是影响波导与光纤耦合效率的最主要因素。综述了国内外几种典型的通过降低模场失配损耗来提高耦合效率的方法，具体包括楔形耦合器、棱镜耦合器和光栅耦合器，并对它们的特点做了总结和比较。结果表明，在提高耦合效率方面，制作相对简单的反向楔形耦合器具有绝对的优势，在光纤通信和集成光学领域中应用价值较高。

The effective coupling between waveguide and optical fiber is the key to the commercialization of integrated optical devices. The coupling efficiency not only directly affects the performance of these optical components, but also is a problem that must be solved in optical fiber communication and integrated-optics fields. In the case of fiber and waveguide in alignment, the mode-field mismatch loss is the main factor affecting the coupling efficiency. We mainly review some domestic and foreign methods of coupling between waveguide and optical fiber, including the wedge-shaped coupler, lens coupler and grating coupler. Summary and comparison are given for these methods. The result shows that a simply-fabricated reverse cone-shaped coupler has an absolute advantage in improving the coupling efficiency, so it has a higher application value in optical-fiber communication and integrated-optics field.