研制了一种在大视场范围内可靠性高、功耗低的便携式目标定位仪器。研究了该系统采用的光、机、电、定位数学模型、标定方案以及在目标定位过程中根据像点识别对应通道的算法等。首先, 根据大视场的要求设计了透镜阵列曲面分布的结构, 加工了安放透镜的球壳基底, 并将它们成像在同一个图像传感器上。采用折射透镜进一步优化了光路系统, 从而改善了成像质量。编写了相应的驱动程序完成了图像的采集和数据高速传输, 然后, 建立了所设计复眼系统的定位数学模型,并对复眼成像系统进行了标定。最后, 根据像点匹配通道算法, 实现了目标的三维定位, 并在此基础上进行了简单的三维零件轮廓测量。实验结果表明: 系统对横向66°、纵向43°视场角的目标实际三维测量精度误差在2%左右, 表明本仪器能完成大视场范围内的目标三维定位任务。

To implement the high reliability and low power consumption, a small-scale target positioning instrument with multi-channels and a large field of view was developed. The optical, mechanical, electronic, mathematical models were built and a calibrating scheme and the algorithm to distinguish the corresponding channels for the imaging points in target positioning were investigated. First, the surface distribution structure of a lens array was designed according to the requirement of large field of view, a spherical shell substrate for installing lenses was machined, and the whole lenses were imaged on one CMOS. Subsequently, the imaging quality was improved by the designed refractive lens and the drivers of CMOS and USB2.0 were developed. Then, a mathematical model for the designed compound eye system was established, and the system calibration was completed. Finally, by the distinguished algorithm for the channels of their imaging points, the target positioning was completed, and three dimensional contours of a large part was measured based on the designed system. Experimental results indicate that the actual measured error for the target is about 2%, whose viewing angle is covered with 66° on the horizontal plane and 43° on the vertical plane of the compound eye. It can satisfy the system requirements of three dimensional target positioning with a large field of view.