随着计算机可视化技术与激光技术的不断发展，我国“数字化林业”建设进程不断向前推进。三维(3D)激光扫描作为一种可以快速获取目标三维点云数据的新兴测绘技术，已在林业勘查规划、林分结构研究以及单木模型三维重建等方面得到了初步应用。为了探究该技术在森林测树应用中的测量精度，通过将野外三维激光扫描林分结构因子数据与传统经典测树学方法所得实验数据进行对比发现：基于三维激光扫描数据构建的测树因子模型精度较高，其中，扫描胸径平均误差-0.16%，扫描树高平均误差-0.35 %，扫描胸高断面积误差为-0.11%，误差均满足林业测树精度要求。说明三维激光扫描技术在古树保护、森林资源调查规划、森林采伐等林业应用领域具有较强的可适用性与应用前景。

With the continuous development of computer visualization technology and laser technology, “Digital Forestry” in China is being moved forward steadily. As a new mapping technology, three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning can quickly obtain the 3D model of the target，and therefore it has been initially applied in the survey of forest resources, study on the stand structure and 3D reconstruction of single tree. To explore the accuracy of the technique in forest mensuration, the measurement accuracy of 3D laser scanning technology is analyzed through the experiments in forestry and the factors which affect the scanning accuracy are summarized. The results show that the model constructed by the scanning data has a higher precision: the average error of scanning diameter at breast height (DBH) is -0.16%, the average error of scanning tree height is -0.35%, and the average error of scanning basal area is -0.11%. The errors meet the precision requirements of forestry completely. The technology has the adaptability and application prospects in the field of conservation of old and rare trees, forest resource inventory and forest cutting.