红外热成像系统因其成像波长较长，导致了红外图像存在噪声大、对比度低、非均匀性大、空间分辨力差等缺陷，为克服这些缺陷，自红外热成像技术诞生之初，红外探测器材料、制造工艺和成像电子学组件的研究便成为三大热点研究方向。在当前电子学硬件平台趋于完善的条件下，先进的红外图像处理技术能够有效地提高红外成像系统的性能及其应用效果，受到了世界各国科技工作者的广泛关注，各种研究成果不断涌现。本文从提高红外图像的温度分辨能力出发，重点对非均匀性校正技术、图像细节增强技术的研究现状进行了总结，并对红外图像处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

Because of the longer imaging wavelength, the characteristics of infrared images have defects of big noise, low contrast, large non-uniformity and limited spatial resolution. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the material, manufacturing crafts and imaging electronics components have throughout been three main research directions along with the development of infrared imaging technology. Under the present condition when the hardware has been well-developed, the updated infrared image processing technology succeeds to improve the performance of imaging system and applying capability. It attracts the attention of scientists all over the world, and various research results continue to emerge. Focusing on improving the temperature sensitivity of infrared images, this paper concludes the technologies of non-uniformity correction and image enhancement, and discusses its future development.