为了保证船载经纬仪的测角精度, 补偿站位及船摇误差, 分析了船载设备的姿态数据对测角误差的影响并建立了船摇误差模型。根据该模型提出了设备标定及测量方案, 并给出了船载设备站位修正及事后数据处理方法。首先, 建立船摇误差模型, 分别给出航向、俯仰及横滚测量误差对设备方位角和俯仰角的影响公式; 结合测量设备指标及任务要求, 制定了标定及测量方案, 给出了设备能够保证精度的测角范围。然后, 提出了在船载设备特殊使用环境下, 站位数据的测量方法及相应的站位船摇修正算法。最后, 说明了船载光测设备的测量数据事后处理方法。实验结果表明, 在船载精确姿态测量系统最大误差为航向角1.2′, 纵倾角24″, 横倾角24″的条件下, 设备的测角误差均方根为方位≤57″,俯仰≤34″, 基本达到了在该测量条件下的理论最优测角精度。

To ensure the angle measuring accuracy of a shipboard theodolite, and to compensate the errors of the station position and ship-swaying measurement, the effect of attitude data on angle measuring errors was analyzed and a ship-swaying error model was established. On the basis of the model, a scheme for calibrating and measuring the equipment was given, and then a shipboard stations position correcting algorithm and data post-processing method were proposed. First, the ship-swaying error model was build, and the formulas for the effects of measuring errors from the ship′s head, pitch and the roll on measured azimuth and elevation angles of the equipment were given. Combined with the equipment indicators and mission requirements, a scheme for calibrating and measuring was established and the measured angle ranges to ensure the accuracy of the equipment were given. Furthermore, a measuring method of station position and its correcting method were proposed when the equipment works at special working environments. Finally, a data post-processing method for shipboard equipment was explained. Experimental results show that the Root Mean Square(RMS) of angle measuring errors of the equipment are less than 57″ for the azimuth, less than 34" for the pitch when the shipboard accurate attitude measurement system has angle measuring errors at the head of 1.2', pitch of 24″ and the roll of 24″, respectively. The result has basically reached the optimal theoretical accuracy under this measurement conditions.