分析了星间激光通信双向跟踪过程中，影响链路稳定性的主要因素。通过对终端跟踪误差角度的面阵探测建模,综合考虑接收端信噪比影响，分析了双向光束跟踪过程中的迭代收敛过程，推导出了更接近链路实际情况的稳定跟踪约束条件理论公式。通过仿真验证对理论分析结果进行了优化，并通过地面模拟实验，验证了结论的准确性。上述工作对今后的卫星光通信链路系统优化设计具有重要参考意义。

The main factors affecting the stability of the process of bidirectional beam tracking in inter-satellite optical communication are investigated. The iteration convergence process of the bidirectional beam tracking is analyzed by building the model of aiming error angle which images in the array detector in the receiving terminal, with considering the influence of signal noise ratio. Steady tracking constraint conditions theoretical formula which is closer to the actual situation is deduced. The theoretical result is verified and modified by simulation and the simulation experiments on the ground with optical terminal. The above work has important significance to modify a satellite communication system.