为了寻找结肠癌的病理发展规律在拉曼光谱属性上的体现, 采用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪对60例离体的正常结肠组织、腺瘤性息肉和腺癌组织的近红外拉曼光谱进行对比检测, 初步探讨了三类组织的拉曼光谱特征及其改变的规律。结果表明: 三类组织拉曼光谱的差异明显存在于830, 855, 1 032, 1 210, 1 323, 1 335, 1 445, 1 450, 1 655 cm-1处, 腺瘤性息肉的光谱大体位于正常组织与腺癌组织之间。以组织病理诊断为金标准, 主成分分析结合线性判别分析技术建立的诊断算法区分3类组织的灵敏度分别为96.9%、85.7%和97.3%, 特异性分别为82.8%、90%和92.3%。因此, 拉曼光谱有潜力在分子水平上区分正常结肠组织、腺瘤性息肉和腺癌组织, 有望成为结肠癌早期诊断的一种有效方法。

By using confocal Raman microspectrometer, near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectra from 60 cases of ex vivo normal, adenomatous polyp and adenocarcinoma colon tissues were obtained. To find the embodiment of the regularity of pathological development of colon cancer on Raman spectral characteristic, we analyzed and compared the Raman spectral properties of the three tissue types, and researched the regularity of spectra-related changes. The results show that significant differences in Raman spectra were observed among the three tissue types at around 830, 855, 1 032, 1 210, 1 323, 1 335, 1 445, 1 450 and 1 655 cm-1. Overall, the spectra of adenomatous polyp was in the middle of the spectra of normal and adenocarcinoma colon tissues, which might illustrate that adenomatous polyp was in the transitional state. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed to develop diagnostic algorithms for classifying the Raman spectra of different types of colon tissues. Based on the gold standards of histopathologic diagnosis, sensitivities of 96.9%, 85.7% and 97.3%, and specificities of 82.8%, 90%, and 92.3%, respectively were achieved by using PCA-LDA algorithms to discriminate the normal, adenomatous polyp and adenocarcinoma colon tissues. Therefore, near-infrared Raman spectroscopy can not only be utilized to differentiate colon cancer tissues from normal tissues, but also be used for discriminating colon premalignant lesions in molecular level. It is a potential effective method for early diagnosis of colon cancer.