提出使用128×128元液晶微透镜阵列取代传统固定焦距的微透镜阵列，实现了一种可电控自适应调节的夏克哈特曼波前传感器。该传感器克服了传统波前传感器无法兼顾测量范围与测量精度的缺点，可工作在大测量范围/短焦距与高测量精度/长焦距两种模式下，并可自由切换。通过实验测量，该波前传感器调至短焦距工作模式时其焦距调谐范围为86~400 μm，调至长焦距工作模式时其调制传递函数在0.46以上。并通过对焦点落于CCD有效区域外的极端情况进行实验验证，表明该波前传感器具有一定电控自适应调节能力，在自适应光学系统中具有较大的应用潜力。

A 128 × 128 elements liquid crystal (LC) microlens array, instead of the conventional microlens array with a fixed focal length, is proposed to achieve an electrically controlled adaptive tunable Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The sensor can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional wavefront sensor, which can not take both measurement range and measurement accuracy into account, and it can work either in a large measuring range/short focal length, or high measurement accuracy/long focal length modes. It is also free to switch between the two modes. Through experimental measurements, when the operation mode of the wavefront sensor is on the short focal length, it has tunable focal length range of 86~400 μm. While the operating mode is on the focal length, its modulation transfer function is more than 0.46. The extreme experiment is used to verify its feasibility, which is about the focus falling outside the effective region of the CCD. The studies show that the wavefront sensor has a certain electronically controlled adaptive tunable ability. The potential application perspective of this design in an adaptive optics system is also presented.