依据蒙特卡罗方法研究黑体的红外辐射特性，并计算黑体的有效发射率。以蒙特卡罗方法为基础，对黑体建立红外辐射随机模型，对随机红外辐射进行抽样并跟踪红外辐射，统计黑体的辐射特征，得出黑体有效发射率的近似值。仿真实验结果和理论分析表明此方法弥补了面源黑体难以用积分法计算辐射的缺陷，并且消去了现有蒙特卡罗方法模拟黑体辐射过程中的积分现象，有效降低了计算复杂度。仿真得到的有效发射率与实际面源黑体有效发射率基本一致，通过理论分析和仿真实验证实了此方法的合理性和有效性。

The infrared radiant characteristics of blackbody are researched and the effective emissivity of blackbody is calculated based on Monte Carlo method. The infrared radiant random model of blackbody is established based on the Monte Carlo method. A large amount of random infrared radiations are sampled and tracked. The approximate value of blackbody effective emissivity can be obtained by counting the radiant properties of blackbody. The results of simulation experiments and theory analysis demonstrate that proposed method can resolve the calculational defect of blackbody radiation by utilizing the integral algorithm, and the computational complexity is reduced effectively due to the new method, which removes the integral algorithm of current Monte Carlo method. The effective emissivity gained by simulation is basal coincident with the actual effective emissivity of blackbody. Theory analysis and simulation experiments show that the new method is reasonable and efficient.