Coherent beam combination (CBC) of fiber lasers based on self-imaging properties of a strongly confined tapered waveguide (SCTW) is studied systematically. Analytical formulas are derived for the positions, amplitudes, and phases of the N self-images at the output of a SCTW, which are important for quantitative analysis of waveguide-based CBC. The formulas are verified with numerical examples by a finite difference beam propagation method (FDBPM) and the errors of the analytical expressions are studied. This study shows that the analytical formulas agree well with the FDBPM simulation results when the taper angle is less than 1.4° and the phase distortion is less than λ/10. The relative errors increase as the taper angle increases. Based on the theoretical model and the FDBPM, we simulated the CBC of fiber laser array and compared the CBC based on the tapered waveguide with that based on the nontapered one. The effects of input beam number, aperture fill factor, and taper angle on the combination performance have been studied. The study reveals that a beam which has near-diffraction limited beam quality (M2≤1.41) and a single beam without side lobe in the far field can be achieved with tapered-waveguide-based CBC. It is shown that beam quality depends on input beam number, aperture fill factor, and taper angle. There exists a best fill factor which will increase as input beam number increases. The tolerance of the system on the fill factor and the taper angle is studied, which is 0.45<t<0.67 and θ<0.8°, respectively. The results may be useful for practical, high-power fiber laser systems.