光学学报, 2014, 34 (1): 0128004, 网络出版: 2014-01-02   

全景式航空相机图像拖影与扭曲补偿系统研究

Research on Image Smear and Distortion Compensation in Panoramic Aerial Camera
作者单位
1 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所航空光学成像与测量重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130033
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
摘要
在全景式航空相机摆扫成像过程中,由于机载环境振动隔离不彻底,造成扫描反射镜位置波动,引起视轴的抖动,使图像沿摆扫方向产生扭曲及拖影现象。针对上述问题,建立了飞行速度、高度及目标水平倾角与俯仰轴补偿速度之间的几何模型,分析了外界扰动造成图像扭曲的成因以及俯仰轴补偿精度对图像拖影程度的影响;通过模型建立和参数分析,得出了俯仰轴控制系统的动态和稳态性能指标及稳健性要求;利用实验室动态目标发生器、平行光管模拟相机与景物间的相对运动,对控制系统的精度进行试验验证;振动环境下对外景成像,验证控制系统的抗扰性能。试验结果表明:俯仰轴控制系统的稳速误差小于0.005°/s,几乎可以完全抑制图像拖影现象;系统对7 Hz以下的干扰信号速度补偿残差小于0.1°/s,可以有效补偿干扰造成的图像扭曲现象。
Abstract
In panoramic aerial camera pendulum sweep imaging process, the dithery scanning mirror position caused by the incomplete isolation of airborne vibration environment, causes a shaking of the visual axis, which makes the image in the sweep direction produce distortion and smear. Aiming at the above problem, the geometric model is established among flight speed, altitude, target level angle and pitching axis speed compensation, with which the causes of the disturbances of image distortion and the influence of compensation precision on image smear pitching axis degree are analyzed. Through the model establishment and parameter analysis, the pitching axis control system dynamics and steady-state performance and robustness requirements are obtained. Laboratory dynamic target generator and parallel light pipe model are used to simulate the relative movement between camera and objects so as to test the precision of the control system. The exterior image in the vibration surroundings is used to test the disturbance compensation performance of the control system. Experiment results show that the steady speed error of pitching axis control system is less than 0.005°/s, that almost completely suppresses the image smear phenomenon; the speed compensation residual error under 7 Hz disturbance signal is less than 0.1°/s, and the system can effectively compensate the disturbance caused by the image distortions.

陈黎, 刘志明, 汪龙祺, 黄浦, 修吉宏. 全景式航空相机图像拖影与扭曲补偿系统研究[J]. 光学学报, 2014, 34(1): 0128004. Chen Li, Liu Zhiming, Wang Longqi, Huang Pu, Xiu Jihong. Research on Image Smear and Distortion Compensation in Panoramic Aerial Camera[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2014, 34(1): 0128004.

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