非相干光照明的物体或者自发光物体可以认为是由无数多个点源构成,任意两点发出的光波之间不具有相干性,但同一物点发出的光被分束后是空间自相干的。非相干全息术通过某种光学技术将来源于非相干物体上同一点的光波分为两束，由于这两束光是空间自相干的，因而两束光可以干涉实现点源全息图的记录，所有点源全息图的非相干叠加构成物体的全息图。对全息图进行光学或数值重建可以恢复原始物体的三维信息。近年来，非相干全息术已经在非扫描荧光显微成像、非相干彩色全息显示和自适应光学领域展示了其应用的潜力。阐明了非相干全息术记录和再现的基本原理，介绍了记录非相干数字全息图的系统与方法,重点分析和讨论了基于自参考光的同轴数字全息成像系统的成像特性、应用的优势和局限，并介绍了这些方面的研究进展。

Incoherently illuminated or self-luminous objects are composed of many independent object points. Any two points from the object are spatially incoherent whereas the two beams from the same object point are spatially coherent. Incoherent digital holography is a technology of recording holograms of incoherent objects and reconstructing three-dimensional information of the original object. The hologram of a point object can be formed based on spatial self-coherence of the beams by suitable optical beam-splitting technique and the hologram of an extended object is the superimposing of all point-holograms incoherently. The investigations on incoherent digital holography have verified that this technique has great potential in non-scanning fluorescent microscopy, incoherent color holography, and incoherent adaptive optics. The basic principle of incoherent digital holography is firstly demonstrated and some typical incoherent holographic imaging systems are summarized. The key imaging characteristics and research progress are analyzed and discussed based on self-reference incoherent holography.