空间光调制器（SLM）是一种对光波的光场分布进行调制的元件。它广泛应用于光信息处理、光束变换和输出显示等诸多应用领域。随着高分辨率空间光调制器在光学显微成像系统中的应用，大大提高了显微振幅和相位样品显微成像的分辨率和对比度，不仅能够实现各种传统的相位显微技术，而且能够灵活地以更复杂的相位调制方式实现新的显微成像。在光学显微系统中，SLM不仅用以控制样品照明光束，同时能作为空间傅里叶滤波器用于成像光路，综述了SLM在光学显微系统中的多种灵活应用。

Spatial light modulator (SLM) is a kind of optical modulating elements for the optical field distribution. It is widely used in optical information processing, beam transformation, output display and many other application fields. With the wide applications of high-resolution SLMs, the microscopic imaging resolution and contrast of phase and amplitude samples are enhanced greatly, which can not only achieve traditional phase microscopic techniques，but also achieve new type microscopic imaging with a more complicated way and flexibility to modulate phase. In microscopy SLM can not only be used to control the sample illumination, but also act as spatial Fourier filters in the imaging path. Some of these flexible applications are reviewed in this article.