根据发射望远镜的结构特点, 设计了口径为270 mm的梅逊反射无焦卡塞格林式发射望远镜并对其进行了装调与检测以满足激光发射及激光准直性的要求。基于光学原理确定了同轴反射式光学结构的设计方法和系统参数。用有限元分析方法对比桁架式与圆筒式主支撑结构以及三翼梁和四翼梁次镜支撑结构在不同工况下的变形, 选定桁架式三翼梁支撑结构用于该望远镜。通过设计适当的主、次镜装调结构, 配合干涉仪和自准直平面镜, 分析了次镜偏心引起的系统像差, 得到灵敏度矩阵并用于系统的装调和检测。得到的结果显示系统的波前误差RMS为0.146 7λ, PV为0.739 41λ (λ=632 nm)。检测结果表明, 桁架式结构的镜头能满足发射望远镜系统对像质的要求, 可实现激光发射并保证激光的准直性。

On the structure characteristics of emission telescopes, this paper designs and assembles a 270 mm Mersenne reflecting afocal Cassegrain transmitter-telescope to achieve the laser emission and laser collimation. Firstly, the design method for an on-axis reflected system was determined and its system parameters were given. Based on the finite element method, the deformations of cylinder and truss primary mirror supporting structures and that of the three-beam and four-beam secondary mirror support structures were analyzed in the different working conditions, and the three-beam secondary mirror support structure and the truss structure were chosen to be used in the telescope. Furthermore, systematic optical aberration caused by the secondary mirror decentration was analyzed by adjusting primary and secondary mirror structures with the help of an interferometer and an autocollimation plane mirror and a sensitivity matrix was obtained to assembly, adjust and test the system. Finally, obtained results show that the systematic wavefront aberration RMS and PV are 0.146 7λ, and 0.739 41λ respectively. It is proved that the design of the transmitter-telescope has a better imaging quality and satisfies the requirements of the optical design and laser emission.