针对现有偏振测量系统在观测全天域偏振模式时的不足, 本文设计实现了一种具有近 180°视场的成像式全偏振测量系统。系统由鱼眼镜头、中继镜片、偏振片、 1/4波片、微距镜头、 CMOS相机等组成, 具有大视场、全偏振测量、便携性等特点。文章首先介绍了系统结构、工作原理和光学设计, 并提出相应的标定方法以获取系统标定 Muller矩阵。标定实验结果表明, 系统线偏振测量误差小于 3%, 圆偏振误差小于 10%。最后, 利用系统在晴朗天气下进行了波长为 488 nm的外场实验, 获得了日落时分全天域的全偏振分布模式, 实验结果与理论值相一致, 验证了该系统在全天域偏振特性观测上的有效性。

For the deficiencies of the existing polarization measurement system in the observation of Omnimax polarization mode, we build a full-sky imaging polarimeter system with full polarization measuring ability. The system is composed of fisheye lens, linear polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, macro lens, and CMOS camera, and presents some impressive measuring capabilities of nearly 180-degree field of view, full-polarization measurements and portable. We firstly introduce the system structure, working principle and optical design and the corresponding calibration method to obtain the system Muller matrix. System calibration makes the linear and circular polarization measurement errors less than 3% and 10%, respectively. Then, we obtain the full-sky skylight polarization patterns at the zenith at 488 nm band at the sunrise in the clear sky experiments. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical value, which verifies the validity of the system in the Omnimax polarization characteristics observed.