采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对杜鹃花科植物闹羊花与菊科植物野菊花两种花类中药材的主成分进行表征, 其中闹羊花出现在1 648和1 543 cm-1出现明显的酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰, 证明其中含有蛋白质, 可能与其具有的免疫作用相关; 野菊花出现在1 734和1 515 cm-1等CO伸缩振动吸收峰, 证明其中含有挥发油等酯类成分。 由于二者的红外光谱具有较高的相似性且难以区分, 通过二级鉴别比较闹羊花与野菊花的二阶导数红外光谱可看出, 在1 656和1 515 cm-1附近的吸收峰, 表明二者均含有黄酮类成分; 野菊花的二阶导数谱图中出现在1 163, 1 077, 1 026, 986和869 cm-1的吸收峰与菊糖的特征吸收峰一致, 因此可以看出野菊花中含有菊糖。 选取不同波数范围的闹羊花与野菊花的二维相关红外光谱进行对比, 发现在1 700~1 400 cm-1黄酮类成分区域闹羊花有3个明显的自动峰, 野菊花有10个明显的自动峰; 在1 250~900 cm-1糖苷类成分区域闹羊花有10个明显的自动峰, 野菊花有9个明显的自动峰。 红外光谱的“三级鉴定法”为中药材的鉴别提供更快速、 准确、 方便的手段。

In this study, major chemical components of Flos rhododendri mollis and Flos chrysanthemi indici were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For Flos rhododendri mollis, the bands at 1 648 and 1 543 cm-1 were attributed to amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ, respectively, indicating that it contained proteins probably resulting in immunization. In case of Flos chrysanthemi indici, stretching vibration of CO function group was responsible for the bands at 1 734 and 1 515 cm-1, as a result of essential oils, lipids, etc. Since FTIR spectra of Flos rhododendri mollis and Flos chrysanthemi indici are almost identical and it is difficult to discriminate them, two-step identification was investigated via secondary derivative of the FTIR spectra. The bands at 1 656 and 1 515 cm-1 corresponds to flavonoides in Flos rhododendri mollis and Flos chrysanthemi indici. In the secondary derivative of the FTIR spectrum of Flos chrysanthemi indici, characteristic bands of inulin were present at 1 163, 1 077, 1 026, 986 and 869 cm-1, and therefore Flos chrysanthemi indici contained inulin as well. Tri-step identification was carried out for Flos rhododendri mollis and Flos chrysanthemi indici by means of comparing their 2D-IR correlation spectra in different wave number range. In the characteristic range of flavonoides (1 700~1 400 cm-1), Flos rhododendri mollis exhibited 3 obvious autopeaks, while 10 autopeaks were visualized in the 2D-IR correlation spectrum of Flos chrysanthemi indici Moreover, in the characteristic range of glucoside (1 250~900 cm-1), 10 and 9 autopeaks were present in the 2D-IR correlation spectra of Flos rhododendri mollis and Flos chrysanthemi indici, respectively. Therefore, the tri-step identification of FTIR is a time-saving, accurate, cost-saving and convenient method to effectively distinguish traditional Chinese medicines.