光瞳像差的存在会导致实际光瞳和理想近轴光瞳的形状和位置出现差异,从而对光学系统的成像质量产生间接的影响。由于光瞳球差会影响光瞳的位置,而在某些使用机器视觉的测量系统中,入瞳位置作为摄像机的光心,形成了机器视觉中的一种重要参数,当入瞳位置发生变化时,将会影响到测量的准确性,尤其在高精度的测量领域。介绍了光瞳像差的基础理论,以SCOTS(Software Configurable Optical Test System)光学面形测量系统为例,通过计算入瞳球差,分析了光瞳球差对相位测量偏折术测量的影响。结果表明,双高斯物镜中光瞳球差的存在,对测量结果的准确性和精度造成了影响,故在使用机器视觉进行测量的系统中,需考虑光瞳像差带来的影响。

Pupil aberrations will lead to differences in the shape and position of the real pupil and the ideal paraxial pupil, and will affect imaging indirectly. In machine vision measurement, the entrance pupil is the optical center of the camera. The change of the entrance pupil position will affect the accuracy of the measurement as its a important parameter in the calculation in some optical measuring system, especially in the high-precision measurement. The basic theory of the pupil aberration are introduced, and the pupil spherical aberration are calculated. The influence of the pupil spherical aberration in PMD(Phase Measuring Deflectometry) are analysed by using SCOTS(Software Configurable Optical Test System). The result shows that the pupil spherical aberration in a double Gauss lens will have significant impact on the accuracy and precision in the measurement. We must consider the influence of the pupil spherical aberration in machine vision measurement system.