随着铝合金材料构件在各个领域的广泛应用，其内部缺陷的存在会导致产品不能正常使用甚至引起重大的安全隐患，所以对构件内部缺陷进行三维(3D)反演并判断缺陷形状日趋重要。以中心圆孔为内部缺陷的铝合金圆柱体作为研究对象，采用探头垂直入射的水浸式超声检测方法，将检测获得的时域信号经傅里叶变换得到频域关系后，依据检测构件缺陷位置和参考构件相同位置信号频域之间的关系，得到缺陷反演所需的散射场幅值的频域和时域数值，通过采用Born 近似方法对其内部缺陷进行三维反演研究。实验结果表明，尽管反演结果和实际相比，存在一定误差，但Born 近似方法仍旧能够较好地反演铝合金构件内部缺陷。

With the wide application of aluminum alloy components in various fields, its internal defects will lead to the existence that the product cannot be used properly and even causes great potential safety hazard, and therefore three-dimensional (3D) inversion of the component defects to judge the defect shape has become increasingly important. Using an aluminum alloy cylinder with the internal defect of a center hole as the research object, based on the probe perpendicular incident water immersion ultrasonic testing method, after the obtained time domain signal is transformed into frequency domain signal by Fourier transformation, and according to the signal frequency domain relationship between testing component defect position and the same location of the reference component, the frequency domain and time domain data of the scattering field amplitude by Born approximation method required for defect inversion are obtained, and the 3D inversion of internal defects is performed. The experimental results show that there exists some error between the inversion result and the actual defect, but the internal defects of the aluminum alloy component are still better inversed by the Born approximation method.