针对空间目标操控任务中非合作目标近距离三维形貌测量的需求, 设计了基于激光三角法原理的线结构光自同步扫描三维形貌测量系统.分析了经典的点扫描测量系统模型, 扩展建立了线结构光扫描系统模型.构建了测量系统桌面样机, 利用二维平面棋盘靶标构建虚拟立体靶标完成了系统参量的标定.分别对已知结构的工件及天宫一号缩比模型进行了测量实验,结果表明: 测量距离为1 m时, 系统三坐标测量误差均优于1 mm, Z向距离误差为0.18 mm, 测量点到拟合平面的距离误差均值为0.31 mm.该系统简化了扫描系统结构, 能降低空间载荷的重量和功耗, 满足空间任务中快速三维形貌测量的需求.

In order to measure the three-dimensional shape of a non-cooperative target in a close distance in the missions for space targets operations, a line structured-light three-dimensional shape measurement system based on laser triangulation with auto-synchronous scanners was designed. The principle and the configuration of the system were presented and the line structured-light scanners system model was derived. The prototype system was set up and calibrated with a chessboard. The groove board and Tiangong-1 scale model were measured. The measurement results show that the precision of the spatial coordinates measurement is better than 1 mm, the precision of Z coordinates measurement is 0.18 mm, and the average errors of the distance between the measuring points and the fitted plane are 0.31 mm at the distance of 1 m. The system can simplify the scanner and reduce the weight and power consumption, and can be used for the rapid three-dimensional shape measurement in the space missions.