为了测量脉冲激光击穿电解液下产生的声压信号, 探讨冲击空化效应对激光电化学复合加工的作用和影响, 建立了激光电化学复合加工检测系统。采用水听器采集脉冲激光聚焦电解液下产生的声压信号, 使用示波器对声压信号进行存储、XVIEWER软件对声压波形分析和计算, 最后对激光电化学复合加工的区域进行拍照, 并分析冲击空化效应对激光电化学复合加工后的形貌特性和表面质量的作用和影响。结果表明, 脉冲激光聚焦电解液下, 产生冲击空化效应, 向外辐射3个不同声压信号;随着激光能量的增加, 激光冲击空化的3个声压变大, 空泡的半径和泡能均增加;在激光电化学复合加工中, 激光能量增加, 产生的等离子冲击波和射流力越大, 工件去除的量越多;空泡脉动促进电解液的流动, 对加工区域的微观形貌和表面质量起重要作用。这一结果对复合加工的过程和形貌是有帮助的。

In order to measure the sound pressure signals generated by the breakdown of pulse laser through the electrolyte and discuss the impact and influence of shock cavitations on laser electrochemical composite processing, a laser electrochemical composite processing detection system was established. At first, the sound pressure signal was stored with an oscilloscope and the acoustic pressure and waveform was analyzed and calculated with the XVIEWER software. Then, pictures of the composite laser electrochemical machining area were taken and the effect of cavitations on laser-electrochemical machining area’s the characteristics morphology and surface quality was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that because pulsed laser is focused in the electrolyte, cavitations effect is generated and three different sound pressure signals are radiated. With the increase of laser energy, three acoustic pressures of laser-induced shock cavitations increase and the radius and energy of laser-induced bubble increase. In the applications of laser electrochemical machine, when the laser energy increases, the laser plasma shock wave and jet force will improve and the material removal will increase. Meanwhile bubble oscillation promotes the electrolyte flow, it plays a key role on the morphology of the processing area and surface quality. The result is very useful for complex machining process and morphology.