为了研究船舶驾驶舱内光环境和仪表指示仪器颜色之间的识别关系, 进行了暗适应和颜色辨识能力实验, 并对实验结果进行了分析。结合我国船舶工业中对光环境及暗适应的处理, 得出船舶驾驶员在不同光环境下对颜色辨识能力的关系。通过实验, 以人对颜色的主观识别能力和光环境变化作为衡量指标, 发现在满足暗适应条件的同时, 对提高暗适应能力的红色白炽灯进行掺白光改造, 并且对仪表指示器外涂颜色的亮度加以规定, 可以使船舶驾驶员有效减少对仪器仪表的误判和误操作。

In order to research the relationship between the light environment of ship cockpit indicator and the colors of the instrumental equipment, we did the dark adoption and color discrimination experiments and analyzed the experimental results. According to the process of Chinese shipbuilding industry for light environment and dark adaptation, the rules for the ship pilots sense of distinguishing color in different light environments were concluded based on the experiments and analysis. We set the subjective ability for color recognition and the changes of environmental light as the measurement indexes. The experimental results show that red＋white LED is the most appropriate light source used in the ship cockpit, which can not only satisfy the dark-adapted conditions, but also improve the color recognition ability of the pilot. Therefore, the red incandescent lamp that is used in the ship cockpit to improve the dark adoption ability of the pilot should be mixed with white lamp to improve the color recognition ability of the pilot, and the brightness (L*) of the indicator instrument color should be ruled in the range of 50-80. In this way, the probability interpretation of instrumentation and error operation of ship pilots can be reduced efficiently.