基于大气的量子信道传输损耗低, 不存在双折射效应, 是量子通信实验的可行信道。通过建立卫星平台与光学地面站之间的高稳定低损耗量子信道, 可实现超远距离的量子密钥分发。通过卫星中继, 将有可能实现覆盖全球的量子通信网络, 这也是目前国际公认的最为可行的方案之一。本文详细描述了 1.2 m光学地面站望远镜的光学接收系统设计, 望远镜采用 R-C结构形式, 具有近衍射极限的成像质量。为了抑制到达角起伏, 实现微弧度级的跟踪精度, 望远镜采用复合轴跟踪控制策略, 可实现高精度和高带宽的跟踪。

Due to low absorption and negligible non-birefringent character in atmosphere, optical free space therefore serves as the most promising channel for large-scale quantum communication by use of satellites and optical ground stations. Quantum communication in space has become a new technological challenge in the evolving field of quantum communications. Its main goal is to achieve the distribution of single photons or entangled photon pairs from satellites to implement both quantum technologies such as quantum cryptography and fundamental quantum physics experiments. This article describes the equipment and features of the 1.2 m astronomical telescope which will perform experiments with quantum experiment satellite of China. The optical ground station uses 1.2 m gimbaled telescope to collect the photons, and the strategy of the system is slightly developed to meet the need of tracking LEO satellite, which has coarse and fine loop, and it can also control a transmitting and receiving laser beam within a few micro radians jitter. This telescope with multiple functions will play an important role in space-to-ground quantum communication.