从结构函数的角度分析和研究了大口径望远镜光机系统的评价方法。分析了基于结构函数的系统误差传递特性, 利用功率谱反演得到大气扰动的数值模拟, 并建立了基于结构函数的系统误差分配方法。将本文的方法应用于长春光学精密机械与物理研究所的1.23 m口径望远镜进行了实验验证, 结果证明了提出理论的正确性以及方法的可行性。最后将其应用于30 m 望远镜(TMT)三镜系统, 研究了其在大气湍流下的印透效应, 实验表明其在考虑了不同的视宁情况下, 分辨印透峰的能力没有减弱。本文的研究对提高大口径望远镜的性价比, 降低大口径望远镜在研制和使用过程中的技术风险颇有意义。

An error evaluation method for the opto-mechanical system of a large aperture telescope was proposed based on structure function. The error transfer property of the structure function was analyzed, and the numerical simulation of the atmosphere disturbance was obtained by inverting the Power Spectral Density(PSD). Then, the error allocation of opto-mechanical system was built with the structure function consequently. The method was proved to be correct and feasible with the application in the 1.23 m telescope in the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics. Finally, the method was used in the tertiary mirror system of 30 m telescope(TMT), and the print through effect of the system in the atmosphere disturbance was researched. The experiment show that the resolution ability of the system for print through peaks does not weaken at different seeings. The method proposed has important significant for reducing the cost efficient of the large aperture telescope and lowering its risk in developing and use processing.