盖革模式雪崩光电二极管阵列(G-APDs)是近年来新兴的弱光探测器件。基于盖革模式APD 探测概率的分析，利用卫星激光测距系统的仿真结果，对G-APDs的卫星激光测距系统进行研究。在回波强度为单光子量级、仅考虑探测器暗计数噪声的情况下，相对于单元探测的单光子探测器，采用阵列探测器能够有效的增加回波信号的探测点数；在同样噪声的情况下，回波强度为多光子时，采用阵列探测器能够减少盖革模式探测器探测概率的极大值相对回波光电子数极大值的漂移量；在回波强度为单光子量级，同时考虑天空背景噪声和探测器暗计数噪声时，采用阵列探测器能够有效降低噪声对信号回波的淹没效应。

Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (G-APD) arrays is being concerned in ultra-weak-light detection. It is necessary to analyze performance of satellite laser ranging system based on G-APDs before engineering application. In this paper, the way of numerical calculation and simulation is used. In the condition of laser echo in the magnitude of single photon and only considering the dark counting noise, although the detect probability and the degree of identifying detection data are low, the effective detection points are enhanced relative to using a single photon detector. As laser echo in multiphoton and only considering the dark counting noise，the use of G-APDs is able to reduce the output of the detector drift. The laser echo is flooded when the detector working in geiger mode because of the strong noise which contains the dark counting noise and day light noise. The flooding effect is restrained by using G-APDs.