基于标准k-ε 两方程湍流模型和2.5 m 光学望远镜的4种典型天文圆顶，通过计算流体动力学软件Fluent进行数值风洞模拟实验。研究了在不同方向的恒定风作用下，圆顶打开时望远镜周围风速、湍流动能的分布状态和对天文观测的影响，以及圆顶关闭时风场对于圆顶外壁的压力情况。结果表明，封闭性较好的经典圆顶和球形圆顶对于不同方向风的阻隔效果明显，望远镜处于低速风环境，望远镜周围湍流动能较低，但视宁度较大；开放性更好的柱式和蚌壳折叠式圆顶所保护的望远镜则更多地处于高速风环境，视场方向的湍流动能相对较高，但视宁度相对较小；圆顶关闭时，顺风方向上，4种结构表面所受风压均呈现由正高压向负高压转化，最终接近于0的发展趋势。根据分析结果提出了不同天文圆顶的适用条件和不利因素，为今后不同气候环境下光学望远镜圆顶结构的设计提供了参考。

Based on the two-equation k-ε turbulence model and four typical astronomical enclosures for the 2.5 m optical telescope, the numerical wind tunnel simulation is conducted by the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. With the environment of different wind directions and same wind velocity, the distributions of the wind velocity and turbulence kinetic energy around the telescopes and the effects on astronomical observation when the enclosures are opened and pressure distributions on the enclosures when the enclosures are closed are obtained. The results show that when the enclosures are opened, the classical and calotte enclosures with better closure property have significant effects to prevent the telescopes from high-speed wind of different directions and cause low turbulence kinetic energy but high seeing around the telescopes, while the columnar and foldable enclosures with better openness make the wind velocity around the telescopes and the turbulence kinetic energy along the observation directions both much higher, but the seeing are both much lower. When the enclosures are closed, the surface pressure on the four enclosures all change from positive maximum to negative maximum and then approach zero along the wind direction. According to the analytical results, some applicable conditions and unfavorable factors of different astronomical enclosures are proposed, which provide a reference for the structural design of astronomical enclosures under different weather conditions in the future.