水面溢油机载航测工作需要以全面的溢油模拟目标的光谱反射率特性数据作为支撑, 选择合适的工作波段, 并通过获得的数据对溢油情况进行分析与判断。 针对汽油、 柴油、 润滑油、 煤油与原油五种目标样本, 油膜从紫外波段到近红外波段进行了反射光谱测量, 并将结果与相同实验环境下的水的反射光谱对比。 实验结果表明油膜的光谱反射特性与油品类型以及油膜的厚度相关。 不同种类的油膜在相同厚度的情况下, 光谱反射率曲线的差异很大, 而同一种类的油膜, 随着油膜厚度的改变, 光谱反射率曲线亦随之发生改变, 因而就单一油膜而论, 可以通过反射率曲线区分不同的油膜厚度。 以相同的油膜厚度而论, 柴油, 煤油, 润滑油在380 nm附近存在反射率峰值, 与水的反射率差异明显, 原油在大于340 nm波长的反射率远小于水, 所得到的反射光谱能够在一定程度上区分不同类型油膜。 实验涉及主要溢油油种, 数据全面覆盖探测常用的光谱波段, 定量化描述了油膜光谱反射率特性, 为机载水面溢油探测工作的波段选择与水面溢油的早期发现与分析提供了全面的理论与数据支持。

In order to analysis the oil spill situation based on the obtained data in airborne aerial work, it’s needed to get the spectral reflectance characteristics of the oil film of different oils and thickness as support and to select the appropriate operating band. An experiment is set up to measure the reflectance spectroscopy from ultraviolet to near-infrared for the film of five target samples, which means petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, kerosene and fossil, using spectral measurement device. The result is compared with the reflectance spectra of water in the same experimental environment, which shows that the spectral reflection characteristics of the oil film are related to the thickness and the type of the oil film. In case of the same thickness, the spectral reflectance curve of different types of film is far different, and for the same type of film, the spectral reflectance curve changes accordingly with the change of film thickness, therefore in terms of the single film, different film thickness can be distinguished by reflectance curves. It also shows that in terms of the same film thickness, the reflectance of diesel, kerosene, lubricants reaches peak around 380 nm wavelength, obviously different from the reflectance of water, and that the reflectance of crude oil is far less than that of water in more than 340 nm wavelength, and the obtained reflection spectrum can be used to distinguish between different types of oil film to some extent. The experiment covers main types of spilled oil, with data comprehensively covering commonly used detect spectral bands, and quantitative description of the spectral reflectance properties of film. It provides comprehensive theoretical and data supprot for the selection of airborne oilspill detection working band and the detection and analysis of water-surface oil spill.