海洋激光雷达是最先进、最有效的海洋调查手段之一, 激光雷达与海洋生物相关的应用主要体现在渔业资源调查和海洋生态环境监测两方面。前者常采用蓝绿脉冲光作为激发光源, 通过对激光回波信号的识别提取以获得鱼群分布区域和密度信息, 结合偏振特征分析可对鱼群种类进行识别; 后者常采用海洋激光荧光雷达, 通过对激光诱导目标物发射的荧光等光谱信号的探测分析以获得海洋浮游生物及叶绿素等物质的种类和浓度分布信息。本文对这两种海洋激光雷达的技术原理、国内外发展现状进行了详细的论述, 并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。

As one of the most advanced and effective technical methods in marine survey, ocean lidar plays an important role in fishery resources survey and marine ecology monitoring. In a typical fish lidar system, the short pulsed laser working at green or blue wavelength is normally used to range the target fish schools by tracking its return echo signal. With the polarized signal analysis, the fish schools can be further classified. For marine ecology monitoring, the fluorescence-based lidar system is generally used with a laser source operated at UV-vis wavelength. The induced fluorescence signals from marine plankton species, chlorophyll or other substances, are detected and the target information is extracted by spectral analysis. In this article, some basic concepts of these ocean lidar systems are given before a comprehensive review are made regarding their developing history and applications especially in fishery resources survey and marine ecology monitoring. The possible future development has also been briefly discussed.