去泛素化是指由去泛素化酶介导的一种蛋白质泛素化的负向调节过程。迄今为止已确定的去泛素化酶有99种, 根据其序列和结构的相似性可以分为6大家族, 大部分属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶。去泛素化酶的活性直接影响细胞内多种蛋白的周转率、活性、再生以及定位。因此, 去泛素化酶对细胞内环境自稳态的维持、蛋白的稳定或降解以及细胞内的信号转导通路起着极其重要的作用。研究表明, 去泛素化酶的功能异常与包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病的发生密切相关, 以其作为分子靶标, 筛选新药物抑制肿瘤的生长已成为抗肿瘤药物开发的热点。

Deubiquitination refers to a process in which deubiquitinases (DUBs) negatively regulate ubiquitination. Nowadays about 99 deubiquitinases have been identified and divided into 6 families based on the functional characteristics. DUBs play critical roles in maintaining stability and homeostasis of cellular protein factors and signaling pathways. Therefore DUBs have a close relationship with signal transduction, cell cycle, turnover and growth of tumor. As a molecular target for new antitumor drugs, DUBs have become a hot research topic.