叙述了广泛应用的光栅单色仪的色散原理,介绍了其常用的几种反射式水平成像系统的光学结构型式,描述了其波长定标和能量定标方法.对搭载航天单色仪的几个现有遥感仪器,如中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)、太阳光谱分光计(SOLSPEC)、太阳后向散射紫外辐射计(SBUV)、紫外臭氧垂直探测仪-太阳后向散射紫外探测仪(UOVPP-SBUS)以及欧洲航天局(ESA)的TRUTHS项目等在辐射测量、光谱定标和绝对定标方面的应用现状进行了说明.最后讨论了未来航天单色仪可能的发展趋势及应用前景,指出采用太阳光源、航天单色仪和低温绝对辐射计相结合的绝对定标系统将是今后最具潜力的发展方向之一.

The dispersion principle of common used monochromators is described.The optical constructs of several kinds of reflective and horizontal imaging systems are introduced and their wavelength calibration and energy calibration methods are given.The application status of current remote sensing instruments boarding on different monochromators is illustrated,such as the applications of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),Solar Spectrometer(SOLSPEC),Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer(SBUV),Ultrariolet Ozone Vertical Profile Probe(UOVPP-SBUS)and TRUTHS task from European Space Agency(ESA)to radiation measurement,spectral calibration and absolute calibration.Finally,it discusses the possible developing trends and application prospects of space monochromators and points out that the absolute calibration system by taking the sun as the light source and combining a space monochromator with a cryogenic absolute radiometer is one of the most promising trends in the future.