光学相干断层(OCT)内窥镜是OCT 与医用电子内窥镜相结合的新型光学成像技术。随着OCT 的迅猛发展，基于OCT 的内窥镜技术由于具有微米级分辨率和无损实时成像的优势逐渐成为研究热点。主要介绍了OCT 技术的基本原理、种类以及包括探测深度、纵向分辨率和横向分辨率在内的重要参数；简述了OCT 内窥镜扫描探头的发展进程和研究成果，从探头外径、扫描速度、横向分辨率和纵向分辨率方面，对不同OCT 内窥镜扫描探头进行了比较；总结了OCT 内窥镜侧向扫描探头在胃肠道、支气管、血管等器官诊断方面和前向扫描探头在卵巢、乳腺、脑等器官诊断方面的应用。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscope is a new optical imaging technology, which combines OCT with the medical electronic endoscope. With the rapid development of OCT, the endoscopic technology based on OCT becomes a popular research area for its micron level resolution and non-destructive real-time imaging. The basic principles and classification of OCT technology as well as several important parameters of OCT technology including the probing depth, axial resolution and lateral resolution are mainly introduced. Some recent research achievements and development of endoscopic OCT scanning probes are discussed, and the endoscopic OCT scanning probes are compared in terms of outer diameter, scanning speed, axial resolution and lateral resolution. The applications of side-imaging OCT probes in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, blood vessels and other organs as well as the applications of forward-imaging OCT probes in ovaries, breast, brain and other organs are summarized.