大气风场的测量对****、天气预报、航空航天等都有重要意义，目前我国缺乏有效的大尺度风场的综合探测能力。激光雷达(LiDAR)是迄今为止唯一能够直接获得三维风场廓线的测量工具，提出的天基相干多普勒激光雷达利用光外差探测技术获得激光多普勒频移信息，求取被测对象的径向速度分量，较之传统的非相干激光测风雷达，具有时-空分辨力高、灵敏度高的优点，特别是在体积、重量、功耗上拥有突出优势。阐述了天基相干激光测风雷达的原理与方法，分析了其中的关键技术，并对未来激光测风雷达的天基实现可行性和应用前景进行了展望。

Measurement of atmospheric wind field is very important for national safety, weather forecasting, aerospace and military applications. At present, our country is lacking of the comprehensive measurement capability of large-scale wind field. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is the sole instrument to access the three-dimension wind field profiler directly. The proposed space-based coherent Doppler wind LiDAR accesses the target Doppler frequency shift and calculates its line-of-sight velocity using laser heterodyne technology. Comparing with the traditional LiDAR, it has the prominent features of high space-time resolution and high sensitivity in dimension, especially in weight and power consumption. Illustrations focus on its principle and key technology. The intending space-based feasibility and prospect of the proposed coherent wind LiDAR are also given.