利用60Coγ-射线辐照粳稻秀水11愈伤组织, 在诱变后代中发现了一份黄化转绿叶色突变体X611, 并对其表型特征、温度敏感性、生理特性以及农艺性状进行研究。在较低温度17 ℃条件下, 该突变体X611幼苗叶色呈浅黄绿色; 在温度为25 ℃时, X611幼苗叶色呈黄绿色; 温度升高至30 ℃, 突变体叶色转为浅绿色。突变体的这种叶色变化特性说明其叶色性状具有低温敏感性。在不同播种时期, 突变体X611幼苗期叶片光合色素含量均较野生型秀水11明显下降; 但在抽穗期突变体与野生型叶片光合色素含量相接近, 净光合速率也表现出同样的趋势。与野生型相比, 突变体X611株高平均值降低; 剑叶长、剑叶宽、穗长、有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重差异不显著。此叶色突变体农艺性状良好, 在水稻育种中有较好的育种利用价值。

Callus induced from mature embryos of japonica rice varieties “Xiushui11” were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and a green-revertible yellow mutant X611 was obtained from the progeny of regenerated plants. The phenotypic characterization, thermo-sensitivity, physiological property and agronomic traits of the Mutant X611 were analyzed. The seedlings of X611 was yellowish green, yellow-green and greenish at the temperature of 17 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, respectively. Changes of leaf color under different temperatures indicate that the X611 is a low-temperature-sensitive mutant. Compared with the wild-type under conditions of different sowing time, the mutant had a decline content of photosynthetic pigment significantly at seedling stage, but similar at the heading stage, and the same tendency was observed in net photosynthetic rate. The plant height of the mutant X611 were lower than its wild-type, but similar in flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle length, number of productive panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The mutant X611 had good agronomic traits, therefore it had a high value for application in rice breeding.