提出结合坐标系转换和按行独立的加权总体最小二乘法(RWTLS)的交会测量方法用于外场试验。该方法利用空间坐标系转换方法获得目标点在大地坐标下的空间角度参数; 通过多余观测数建立条件方程确定起算数据间的角度位置关系, 用RWTLS和高斯-牛顿迭代方法求得运动目标点在任一时刻的空间角度坐标; 最后, 利用对静态目标点的观测获得基距, 结合目标点的空间角度坐标求得其轨迹曲线。实验结果表明: 观测站的坐标误差在±0.15 m以内, 运动目标在X、Y、Z方向上的坐标误差在±0.4 m内。与传统的两站前方交会测量方法相比, 该方法无须校正经纬仪坐标系, 也不必已知观测站位置参数, 从而减少了对起算数据的需求, 减少了布站工作量, 具有直接简便、收敛速度快、精度较高等优点, 在飞行目标外场测试中有良好的实用性。

An intersection measurement method by combination of coordinate system transformation with Row-wised Weighted Total Least Squares(RWTLS) was proposed for field tests. The angles of the target points on a geodetic coordinate system was obtained by using the space coordinate transformation method. Then,the angle relationship between the initial data was determined through condition equation established by redundant observation numbers, and the moving object's space coordinate of position at any moment was acquired by using the RWTLS and Gauss-Newton method. Finally, the base distance was get through the observations of the static target, and the targets' trajectory curve was obtained with the target space angle coordinates. The experimental results show that the errors of the coordinates of the observation station are within ±0.15 m, and the target point errors in X, Y, Z directions are within ±0.4 m. The method avoids the correction of theodolite coordinate and does not need to give the position parameters of the observation station, so it reduces calculation of starting data and the number of the observation stations and is characterized by quick convergence, high accuracy and good practicability in field tests of flying targets.