激光抛光是一种应用前途较广的特种加工技术，尤其适用于传统方法难以加工的高硬度且尺寸较小的零件。38CrMoAl 合金结构钢多用于制造高疲劳强度、高耐磨性、热处理后尺寸精确、强度较高的各种尺寸不大的渗氮零件，如活塞螺栓和车床主轴等。利用激光技术可更加高效、环保的对38CrMoAl 进行抛光加工。使用波长为1064 nm 的YAG 激光器在38CrMoAl 表面上进行激光微抛光实验，利用三维形貌仪测量了材料表面粗糙度Ra，结合抛光前后材料表面微观形貌特征分析了激光电压、脉宽、离焦量等因素对该材料表面粗糙度的影响规律，并获得一个较为理想的工艺参数，即在激光聚焦面上方3 mm 处，电压为790 V、脉宽为0.17 ms 时，抛光表面粗糙度最低，由抛光前的142.02 nm 降至79.10 nm，下降了44.3%。

Laser polishing is a special processing technology with prospect of application, particularly used for processing small size parts with high hardness which can′t be achieved by conventional methods. 38CrMoAl has much superiority including high surface hardness, high fatigue strength and good resistance to overheating resistance. And it is widely used in mechanical machining, such as piston bolt and lathe spindles. 38CrMoAl can be polished by laser in a more efficient and environmental way. 38CrMoAl is micro-polished by YAG laser (1064 nm). Surface roughness of 38CrMoAl steel is analyzed by a three-dimensional topography instrument. Based on the surface morphology characteristics before and after polishing, the better processing parameters of the voltage at 790 V, pulse duration at 0.17 ms and the polishing position above the laser focal plane 3 mm are obtained. By using the micro-polishing method, the surface roughness of the metal can be decreased from 142.02 nm to 79.10 nm which have fallen by 44.3%.