抗辐射能力表现为系统技术性能对辐射损伤的敏感程度。抗辐射能力是设计、生产出来的。抗辐射量化设计能力是抗辐射加固技术发展水平的重要标志。根据QMU（性能阈值、裕量和不确定度）的思想，提出量化抗辐射设计，第一要优化系统总体设计，为辐射损伤敏感的技术性能合理地分配裕量；第二要量化系统工作的辐射环境及其不确定度，量化在实际工作的辐射环境中，辐射损伤引起的系统及其器件和结构的技术性能变化和不确定度，综合优化抗辐射措施，确保技术性能变化及其不确定度被有效控制在分配的裕量范围内，最后量化加固设计效果，预测系统抗辐射能力。

Abilities against radiation effects denote the sensitivity of systems to radiation damage, which can be achieved by design and manufacture, and represent the development level of radiation-hardening by design. In this paper, based on the QMU method, a flow of quantitative method for designing systems with radiation damage considered is raised. Firstly, the overall design of systems should be optimized, by dividing a system into different sub-systems, parts, and with different failure modes considered. Secondly, the radiation environment and the uncertainties have to be quantitatively verified. Then the corresponding radiation damage and uncertainties of the devices and sub-systems need to be evaluated, to make sure that the system operates safely. In the end, the overall ability of the system against radiation damage is predicted and verified.