本文首次利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了四种松树（赤松、黄山松、马尾松、雪松）松针的红外光谱图。通过光谱图的分析,四种松树松针的红外光谱十分相似,但波数在1382～1255 cm^-1 、1050～607 cm^-1 区间的红外光谱图形状不同,马尾松和黄山松分别在波数为1320 cm^-1和778 cm^-1附近有特征峰存在。从光谱图的峰形和峰位来看,赤松和马尾松的光谱图更为相似,黄山松和雪松的光谱图更为相似,说明赤松和马尾松之间的成分更为接近,黄山松和雪松之间的成分更为接近。根据光谱图对四种松树松针所含的化学成分分析,推断出它们可能含有多糖、氨基酸、烷烃类、生物碱、三萜类化合物、豆甾醇、木质素、纤维素及其挥发油等化学成分,其中黄山松和雪松松针所含的化学成分都比赤松和马尾松松针的多,且黄山松松针中所含其化学成分最多,而马尾松松针所含其化学成分最少。其结论可为今后松树的鉴别和开发利用提供科学依据。

The FT-IR spectra of the four types of pine needles(red pine,pinus taiwanensis,masson pine,cedar)were firstly obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Through the analysis of the spectra,we can conclude that the spectra of the four types of pine needles are very similar. But the wave-numbers and the height of the absorption peaks,especially those at the fingerprint zone(1382 ～ 1255 cm^-1,1050~607 cm^-1)are the characteristics of each of the species. By the degree of similarity of the IR spectra,it could be concluded that red pine and masson pine,as well as pinus taiwanensis and cedar are closely related. According to the intensity and the location of these absorption peaks in IR spectra,we can infer that pine needles may contain chemical compositions such as polysaccharide,amino acid,alkane,alkaloids,triterpene compounds,stigmasterol,lignin,cellulose and volatile oil. And these chemical constituents in pinus taiwanensis and cedar are more than that in red pine and pinus massoniana. For the four kinds of pine needles,the chemical composition of pinus taiwanensis pine needles is the most,and the chemical composition of masson pine needles is the least. The results will provide scientific evidences for the identification,development and the utilization of pines.