本文利用显微共焦拉曼光谱仪和傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪,结合微聚焦X射线荧光光谱仪,对广州发掘出土的清代中期的彩绘瓷片进行了测试,分析了彩绘瓷上红色、蓝色、黄色、绿色、粉红色和黑色颜料以及彩绘上的腐蚀物。研究表明,红色颜料的着色剂为赤铁矿(α-Fe₂O₃),其颜色亮度的变化与其晶体晶格结构的变化有关,黄色颜料并不属于锑黄,而是铅锡黄Ⅱ型,样品5蓝色颜料是钴蓝(CoO·Al₂O₃),黑色颜料是氧化锰(MnO),彩绘的腐蚀物主要为碳酸铅、磷酸铅、炭黑等。其结果,对彩绘瓷器的保存与保护提供了一定的依据。

In this paper,five pieces of colored ceramics of middle Qing dynasty excavated in Guangzhou were tested bymicro confocal Raman spectrometer and Fourier transform Raman spectrometer,with help of micro focus X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.The analysis indicate that the chromogenic substances of red pigment is hematite(α-Fe₂O₃)and the difference of the red color brightness owe to the change of hematite crystal lattice structure,the chromogenic substances of yellow pigment don’t belong to Naples yellow,but lead tin yellow(typeⅡ),that of blue pigment of Sample 5 is Cobalt blue(CoO·Al₂O₃),that of black pigment is manganese oxide(MnO),and the corrosion products are mainly composed of lead carbonate,lead phosphate,Carbon black,etc.The research has provided the basis for preservation and protection of painted porcelain.