中国激光, 2016, 43 (4): 0403010, 网络出版: 2016-03-29   

真空激光焊接焊缝成形及等离子体特征

Characteristics of Bead Formation and Plasma Plume in Fiber Laser Welding Under Vacuum
作者单位
1 哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
2 哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国防科技重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
摘要
为减小等离子体对激光焊接过程的干扰,扩宽大功率激光焊接的应用范围,对真空条件下激光焊接的焊缝成形和等离子体特征进行了研究。结果表明,真空激光焊接可以改善激光焊接表面成形,增加熔深。在焊接速度为0.5 m/min 时,真空环境下焊缝熔深大约是大气环境下焊缝熔深的3 倍。对比不同焊接速度下环境气压对熔深的影响规律发现,在焊接速度较小时,环境气压对于激光焊接的熔深影响更加明显。在真空条件下,较大的负离焦可以显著增加熔深,改善焊缝成形。等离子体图像观测结果表明,随着环境气压降低,等离子体逐渐减弱。真空环境对激光焊接等离子体强烈的抑制效应是真空激光焊接熔深增加,焊缝成形改变的一个原因。
Abstract
In order to reduce the distractions of plasma plume in laser welding and expand the applications of high power laser welding, the characteristics of bead formation and plasma plume in fiber laser welding under vacuum are studied. The results show the sound bead formations and an increase in penetration depth are obtained. The penetration depth under vacuum is approximately three times as deep as that under atmospheric pressure when the welding speed is 0.5 m/min. The experiment results also show the penetration depth increases drastically with the pressure decreasing under a low welding speed and a long negative defocused distance is suitable for a deep penetration and a sound weld beam formation under vacuum. The camera observations show the plasma plume is suppressed under vacuum. The suppression of plasma plume under vacuum is a reason for the increase in penetration depth under vacuum.

姜梦, 陶汪, 陈彦宾, 王树良. 真空激光焊接焊缝成形及等离子体特征[J]. 中国激光, 2016, 43(4): 0403010. Jiang Meng, Tao Wang, Chen Yanbin, Wang Shuliang. Characteristics of Bead Formation and Plasma Plume in Fiber Laser Welding Under Vacuum[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2016, 43(4): 0403010.

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