有机发光二极管(OLEDs)已经成为当今最重要的显示和照明技术，不仅在产业上得到了应用，在学术上也得到了广泛研究，它不仅涉及化学、材料科学，也包含了物理学、光学、电子学、器件物理学、凝聚态物理学和半导体物理学等诸多学科内容。本文从OLED的工作原理和所涉及的材料出发，介绍了设计高效率OLED器件结构的物理基础和设计原则，最后对OLED在显示和照明领域的应用做了展望。

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)have become important technologies of display and lighting, which not only achieve applications in industry, but also obtain deep studies in science. It is related to chemistry and material science, also includes the scientific contents of physics, optics, electronics, device physics, condensed physics and semiconductor physics, etc.. This paper will introduce the physics basis and design principle of high efficiency OLEDs in device structures based on work mechanism and related materials, and finally prospects the applications of OLEDs in display and lighting.