微型干涉仪在许多微传感领域有很高的应用价值。基于空芯光纤的全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪成为了近些年研究的热点。研究了全光纤MZ干涉仪的传光原理及干涉机制。在参考前人对空芯光纤干涉仪研究的基础上, 提出了一种基于空芯光纤的新型MZ干涉仪。搭建实验环境对该结构的MZ干涉仪的传输谱进行了验证。实验得出, 当波长为1 550 nm, 传感臂长度为50 μm时, 自由波谱范围大约为140 nm。利用BPM法对该新型MZ干涉仪进行了仿真, 仿真结果符合理论预期。同时对激发出的高阶模式进行了仿真探讨, 并且得到辐射模的传输特性。

Miniature interferometer has a high value in many micro-sensor areas. All-fiber Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer based on hollow-core optical fiber has become a hot research point in recent years. The principle of light transmission and the mechanism of interference about the all-fiber MZ interferometer are researched. In reference to the study of the previous air-core optical fiber interferometer, a novel MZ interferometer based on hollow-core optical fiber is proposed. The transmission spectrum of the MZ interferometer in the experimental environment is verified. Experimental results show that the free spectral range of the interferometer is about 140 nm when the wavelength is 1 550 nm and the sensor arm length of the interferometer is 50 μm. The new MZ interferometer is simulated by using BPM method and simulation results accord with theoretical expectations. At the same time, the stimulated high-order mode is discussed and the transmission characteristics of radiation modes are obtained.