针对空间高轨目标、微纳卫星等点目标姿态信息难以获取的问题，跟踪了国内外基于光度数据反演目标特征信息的最新动态，分析了目前基于光度数据姿态反演的主要方法及特点。分析结果表明，基于非线性滤波的姿态反演方法能够高精度地反演目标姿态，近实时地解决目标稳定以及机动状态的姿态反演问题，是未来姿态反演的主要方向。在此基础上，进一步剖析了非线性滤波姿态反演需要突破的关键问题，包括形状模型反演、双向反射分布函数模型选取和参数确定以及非线性滤波算法的讨论。

For estimating attitude of unresolved targets, such as high earth orbit targets and micro-nano satellites, according to the analysis of correlational research at home and abroad, the main attitude estimation methods based on photometric data are comprehensively summarized. Then both the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed. The attitude inversion method based on the nonlinear filter has high precision and near-realtime efficiency in the cases of steady state and maneuvering condition, and it is the dominant method in the future. On this basis, the key issuses of attitude inversion based on nonlinear filter are studied, such as shape inversion, selection of bidirectional reflectance distribution function models and its parameters, and the nonlinear filtering algorithm is discussed.