随着大型装备制造工业飞速发展, 其制造与装配等过程对大尺寸空间几何量的测量技术要求越来越高。为了分析大尺寸空间几何量测量中的空间角测量技术的发展, 在综述5种传统大尺寸空间角测量方法的基础上, 介绍了大尺寸空间角测量方面国内外相关研究的3种新的代表性成果。着重阐述了一种基于惯性基准的大尺寸空间角测量方法, 该方法将光电自准直跟踪技术与惯性测量技术有机结合, 测量范围更大、便携性更强, 特别适合外场条件下大尺寸空间角的快速测量。测试结果表明, 目前其有效测量范围可达10 m, 测量精度为0.5°, 同时还针对系统测量范围与测量精度的进一步提高提出了改进方案。

With the rapid development of large equipment manufacturing industry, the manufacture and assembly processes have increasingly higher demands on large-scale spatial geometric quantity measurement. In order to analyze the development of angle measurement technology in large-scale spatial geometric quantity measurement, 5 traditional methods were reviewed, and 3 new related research achievements about angle measurements were introduced. Then combining the optical self-collimation tracking technology and inertial measurement technology, a novel large-scale spatial angle measurement method based on inertial reference was elaborated. The method can perform portability, versatility and strong anti-interference ability and it is very suitable for field measurement. Test results show that the current measurement range is 10 m and the measurement accuracy is 0.5° .Additional the improving schemes for the measurement range and accuracy were put forward.