在地物多角度偏振反射光谱的观测中，除土壤自身的理化性质外，探测时所采用的偏振角、探测天顶角等角度因子也会对地物光谱产生明显的影响。通过引入结构方程模型(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)，对多因素影响下的吉林西部盐碱土进行了偏振、多角度和高光谱等多源光谱分析，发现几何角度因素的影响强度大于土壤自身性质（含盐量）的影响强度。设计了三因素两水平的正交试验，并进行了分析，结果同样表明角度因素的影响更显著，即在单因子影响的分析中，偏振角、探测天顶角对所测光谱的影响要大于土壤自身含盐量的影响，而且不同因素的交互作用也会对光谱特征造成一定的影响。对SEM模型与正交试验这两种分析方法进行了对比，得出了这两种方法在光谱分析中的差异与优势。

In the observation of multi-angle polarized reflective spectra of objects, in addition to the physical and chemical properties of soil self, the angle factors such as polarization angle, detection zenith angle and so on will have significant impact on the spectra of objects too. Through the introduction of structural equation model (SEM), the multi-source spectral analysis including polarization, multi-angle and hyperspectral technologies is made for the saline alkali soil in westernJilin under the influence of multiple factors. It is found that the impact strength of the geometry factor is greater than that of the nature (salinity) of soil self. The orthogonal tests of three factors and two levels are designed and analyzed. The results also show that the impact of the angle factor is more significant. That is, in the analysis of single factor, the impact of polarization angle and detection zenith angle on the measured spectra is greater than that of the salinity of soil self. Furthermore, the interaction of different factors will have a certain impact on the spectral characteristics too. The SEM is compared with the orthogonal test. The difference and advantages of these two methods in spectral analysis are obtained.