We investigate the atmospheric turbulence effects on orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectra of different kinds of vortex beams, including Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams and Bessel beams, numerically. We generate the holograms of atmospheric turbulence with different structure constants of the refractive index. The OAM spectra of distorted single-mode or multiplexed LG beams and Bessel beams are analyzed. Compared with the OAM spectra of the two kinds of vortex beams, the spectrum of the Bessel beams is more dispersive. The results illustrate that Bessel beams suffer more from turbulent atmosphere than LG beams.