为了提高地基光电望远镜观测空间碎片的运行效率，建立了地基光电望远镜探测能力评估仿真模型.综合考虑碎片几何过境、碎片信号辐射量、背景源信号辐射量、光信号在传感器平面的投影等影响，获得碎片信号的探测信噪比，并作为过境碎片能否被探测到的依据.采用1m望远镜进行地球同步轨道碎片观测实验,并对模型进行验证.结果表明：仿真观测的第谷2星表中4颗背景亮星与观测实验结果一致；由于碎片形状等光学特性不同，碎片辐射量星等值的实验值与仿真值最大相差1.58倍，误差值在合理范围内.基于信噪比探测原理的地基光电望远镜探测能力评估仿真模型合理有效，可为观测设备建设、观测策略制定等提供参考.

In order to increase operating efficency of the ground-based electro-optic telescope for space debris observation，the evaluation model of detected ability for ground-based electro-optic telescope model was constructed. The model concludes geometry crossing of space debris, calculation for signal irradiation of space debris and background source, projecting for source signal to sensor plane, and calculation of detected signal to noise as basis of detectable judgement, etc. Observation test about geostationary earth orbit with 1m telescope was done for modelling verification. The conclusion shows that four background stars in Tycho-2catalogue crossing field of view in observation testwas observed, the number is same with simulation. the maximum difference magnitude for space debris of test compared to simulation was as much as 1.58, and it was mainly due to the feature of debris such as shape, it was with reason. The ground-based electro-optic telescope model based in signal-to-noise detected theory wsa reasonable,it can support suggestions for detected device construction, observed strategy design, etc.